Therefore, the order of the number of electrons in each shell of the molybdenum(Mo) atom is 2, 8, 18, 13, 1. Therefore, a molybdenum atom will have two electrons in the first shell, eight in the 2nd orbit, and eighteen electrons in the 3rd shell.Īccording to Bohr’s formula, the fourth shell will have twelve electrons but the fourth shell of molybdenum will have thirteen electrons and the remaining one electron will be in the fifth shell. That is, the number of electrons in molybdenum is forty-two. Molybdenum atom electron configuration (Bohr model) The atomic number is the number of electrons in that element. Therefore, the maximum electron holding capacity in the first shell is two, the second shell is eight and the 3rd shell can have a maximum of eighteen electrons. The maximum electrons holding capacity in N orbit is 2n 2 = 2 × 4 2 = 32. The maximum electrons holding capacity in M orbit is 2n 2 = 2 × 3 2 = 18. The maximum electron holding capacity in L orbit is 2n 2 = 2 × 2 2 = 8. The maximum electron holding capacity in K orbit is 2n 2 = 2 × 1 2 = 2. The electron holding capacity of each orbit is 2n 2. K is the name of the first orbit, L is the second, M is the third, and N is the name of the fourth orbit. These circular paths are called orbit(shell). The electrons of the atom revolve around the nucleus in a certain circular path. The complete idea of the orbit is given there. Scientist Niels Bohr was the first to give an idea of the atom’s orbit. Molybdenum atom electron configuration through orbit ![]() For example Aufbau principle, Hund’s principle, and Pauli’s exclusion principle.
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![]() To honor the day marriage was legalized for everyone, Six26 and the Jersey City LGBTQ+ Pride Festival have announced on social media that they will be hosting a vow renewal ceremony on the rooftop at Six26, located at 128 Christopher Columbus Drive. Six26 + Jersey City Pride Festival to Host an LGBTQ+ Vow Renewal Click here to read about Bear Brook Pediatric Dentistry, located at 727 Adams Street in Hoboken, and the upcoming grand opening event happening this month. Tommy Lee and his team at Bear Brook Pediatric Dentistry have helped thousands of children keep their beautiful, healthy smiles and overcome the anxiety associated with dental care through the use of cutting-edge technology employed in a vibrant, child-friendly environment. Hoboken’s Bear Brook Dental Opens with Play Area + PrizesĪ new pediatric dental clinic in Hoboken is on a mission to make visiting the dentist easier for kids. Keep reading for all the news you missed this week in Hoboken, Jersey City, + beyond. Among the local headlines: Hoboken High School has elected its first all-girls student government Flo Rida to headline Jersey City’s July 4th celebration Bayonne hosts lottery for Hudson River cruise and so much more. ![]() Visit for more information.Every week, we gather the highlights you missed in the news this week in Hoboken + Jersey City. In case of rain, concerts will be moved indoors. His recent recordings include “Acoustic Sketches,” with bassist Lawrence Haber classical jazz instrumental work, the “Sourland Symphony,” three EPs with Ten Foot Tall and the Grammy-nominated “Fitness Rock & Roll” CD by Miss Amy and Her Big Kids Band.īecause all performances will take place outside, weather permitting, audience members are advised to bring lawn chairs. A composer as well as a performer, he has played at the White House. Popik’s repertoire includes classical Brazilian music and American Jazz masters, as well as reworked rock anthems. He has performed at Birdland, the Lincoln Center Atrium, the Players Club, and many other jazz venues in New York City, New Jersey, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and beyond. He works frequently with Jerry Rife’s Rhythm Kings and Jonathan Davenport’s Perseverance Jazz Band. A founding member of the Midiri Brothers Sextet, he is a composer, band leader, and arranger. Tobias has been playing professionally since he was 15 years old. as a leader, as well as a sideman.He is also a music teacher for pre-K through sixth grade students at the Princeton Junior School and he works as a piano teacher to students on the autism spectrum at the Princeton Child Development Institute. He has played at Smalls Jazz Club, Birdland, Minton’s, the Garage, Paris Bistro, South Jazz Club, and many other jazz venues in the Northeast. Tallisch, a composer as well as a performer, is a Posi-Tones Records artist, with 12 albums to his credit. Accompanying him in an outdoor performance on the Plaza will be Bill Avayou on drums, Steve Varner on bass, and Mike Kennedy on guitar.Īll three festival musicians are active in the American jazz scene and have performed throughout the U.S. On Friday, May 12, tenor saxophonist Tom Tallitsch will perform the final concert at Market Square with members of his quartet. He says the quartet will play “swinging jazz” at the festival. Tobias is best known for improvisation, traditional jazz and swing. The group includes pianist Silas Irvine, Joe Plowman on bass, and Gusten Rudolph on drums. The Danny Tobias quartet, led by Tobias on trumpet, will perform outdoors at the Plainsboro Preserve, 80 Scotts Corner Road, on Friday, May 5. His group, the JP4, includes John Henry Goldman on trumpet, Lawrence Haber on Bass, and Karttikeya Arul on drums, halo drums and percussion. ![]() ![]() Guitarist and Grammy-nominated feature artist James Popik will kick off the series with an opening concert on on April 28, at Market Square Plaza in front of the Plainsboro Library, 9 Van Doren Street. They will present a series of three concerts on Friday evenings at 7 p.m. Three noted jazz musicians – James Popik, Danny Tobias, and Tom Tallisch – will take part in Plainsboro Township’s Jazz Appreciation Festival, which opens April 28. JAZZING IT UP: Danny Tobias, trumpeter, leads his quartet as part of the upcoming Jazz Appreciation Festival in Plainsboro. ![]() Those steeped in Arthurian legends may suspect Gawain’s mother is none other than the enchantress Morgan Le Fay, who learned the dark arts from the powerful wizard Merlin. Instead, with a group of women, she seemingly casts a spell that might have something to do with the Green Knight. Onscreen, as the knights and nobility celebrate Christmas in the castle (though it’s New Year’s Eve in the poem), Gawain’s mother (Sarita Choudhury) refuses to join in. Gawain’s uncle and aunt, King Arthur (Sean Harris) and Queen Guinevere (Kate Dickie) are getting older, and wish to see their nephew - who, in the film, stands to inherit the throne - gain nobility and stature, and quit being such a dissipated doofus. In the film, unlike the poem, Gawain has a love interest named Essel, a young woman (played by Alicia Vikander) who is a sex worker, and dreams of spending her life with him. In other words, he’s also “green,” and that’s an important part of the story. In Lowery’s film, Gawain is young, impetuous, prone to carousing, and ashamed of how little of his life has been spent on bold and brave exploits. In the poem, Gawain is already a beloved and respected member of the Round Table, noted for his chivalry. The “green knight” of the traditional title refers to the knight with whom Gawain tangles, whose skin is described as green. It only occurred to me after seeing The Green Knight that the film’s title, which diverges from the poem’s title, might have two meanings - and point to some of the biggest differences between the movie and its source material. Generous spoilers follow for The Green Knight. One Christmas, after a night of merriment, Gawain confronts a mysterious, magical knight, and that encounter sets him on an epic quest to face his fate. Patel plays Gawain, the nephew of King Arthur, who in this rendering aspires to be a storied and legendary knight of his uncle’s Round Table. The Green Knight takes the same approach to Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, with some tweaks, expansions, and twists that adapt an epic poem into a lush, meditative, eerie film. (Lowery is also completing work on Peter Pan & Wendy, which could slot comfortably into this list.) Among his films are Ain’t Them Bodies Saints (2013), about the consequences for a Bonnie and Clyde-style couple A Ghost Story (2017), about the long, long arm of a tragic romance and The Old Man and the Gun (2018), about the waning days of a celebrity thief. The director and screenwriter’s subjects have come from all over the place, but he often circles the same goal: reexamining myths and legends and imagining what their aftermath might be. ![]() The Green Knight isn’t David Lowery’s first dip into mythical realms. How The Green Knight twists the Arthurian legend into something different ![]() Understanding some key places where the film deviates from the poem helps make sense of The Green Knight’s loftier goals - and its weirder mysteries. So while you couldn’t call The Green Knight a “faithful” adaptation of the poem, it might be a more faithful adaptation of the bigger legend around Gawain’s adventure than a line-by-line recreation ever could have been. Director David Lowery took a story that many people struggled their way through in high school English, cast Patel as its uneasy hero, and used it to examine how myths get made. Starring Dev Patel, The Green Knight is a swashbuckling tale of adventure, to be sure - but it feels dragged out of the mists of time, uncanny spirits and a touch of the rude and bawdy still clinging to the edges. There’s no effort to modernize the story, no attempt to make it easily legible to the audience. The film is a curious and gloriously risky effort. In its opening titles, in cheeky medieval lettering, The Green Knight proclaims itself “A filmed adaptation of the chivalric romance by Anonymous.” That romance is commonly known as Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, one of the most famous and important works of English literature, a 14th-century Arthurian tale penned in Middle English that’s inspired centuries of study, contemplation, and scholarly bickering. ![]() The platform is constantly releasing new content, such as Mare of Easttown, season 2 of His Dark Materials, The King of Staten Island, and more. HBO Max is home to HBO films and series, Max Original series and films, DC movies and shows, TCM content, the Adult Swim Collection, Studio Ghibli films, Cartoon Network’s vast catalog, the Sesame Workshop collection, Looney Tunes, and more. ![]() territories, and can be accessed with internet connection through Android products, Roku, Chromecast, iOS, some gaming consoles, and certain smart TV platforms. HBO Max is currently only available in the United States and certain U.S. You can stream The Conjuring: The Devil Made Me Do It with an HBO Max subscription. ![]() How can you stream 'The Conjuring: The Devil Made Me Do It'? Summer lineups aren’t complete without a horror entry, and this year fans can tune into a new installment in the Conjuring Universe, The Conjuring: The Devil Made Me Do It.īased on a real-life group of paranormal investigators and a real-life paranormal murder defense, The Conjuring: The Devil Made Me Do It premiered in theaters and on HBO Max on June 4, 2021. Summer movies are back, and for the first time in over a year, a number of these films will premiere in theaters. Purchases you make through our links may earn us a commission. You can also download or stream movies.- Recommendations are independently chosen by Reviewed’s editors. They are shown on pay television or cable television, and sold or rented on DVD disks or videocassette tapes, so that people can watch the movies at home. After movies are shown in Cinemas for a period of a few weeks or months, they may be marketed through several other medias. ![]() Most movies are made so that they can be shown on screen in Cinemas and at home. This argument has been supported by many examples such as Millet and Van Gogh, Picasso, Manet, and Monet, etc. However, Parc argues that contrary to prevailing beliefs, imitation and copying do not restrict cultural creativity or diversity but in fact support them further. It is widely believed that copyrights are a must to foster cultural diversity and creativity. For some people, fun movies can mean movies that make them laugh, while for others it can mean movies that make them cry, or feel afraid. Most people watch (view) movies as a type of entertainment or a way to have fun. Movies, or films, are a type of visual communication which uses moving pictures and sound to tell stories or teach people something. This means that copyrights granted by the law of a certain state, do not extend beyond the territory of that specific jurisdiction. Copyrights can be granted by public law and are in that case considered “territorial rights”. These rights frequently include reproduction, control over derivative works, distribution, public performance, and moral rights such as attribution. It is often shared among multiple authors, each of whom holds a set of rights to use or license the work, and who are commonly referred to as rights holders. Some jurisdictions require “fixing” copyrighted works in a tangible form. A copyright is subject to limitations based on public interest considerations, such as the fair use doctrine in the United States. Copyright is intended to protect the original expression of an idea in the form of a creative work, but not the idea itself. The creative work may be in a literary, artistic, educational, or musical form. Copyright is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the exclusive right to make copies of a creative work, usually for a limited time. ![]() Adds 'Sort all open files' option in the Sort dialog box.Adds 'Join Lines with Spaces' menu command ('Edit'->'Format').Directory window supports 'Add to Favorites' menu in the right moues button.Adds 'Insert matching tag automatically when typing >' option ('Preferences'->'General').Makes Open/Save Remote dialog box modeless so that it wouldn't block other tasks.Supports a native version for Windows 10 on ARM.It also supports useful tools such as HTML Color Picker, Character Picker, Table Generator and Object Picker. The HTML Toolbar allows you to insert common HTML tags quickly and easily.You can hide or disply lines of code with its indent levels. EditPlus supports fast and convenient code folding feature based on line indentation.You can switch back and forth between normal editing window and the Hex Viewer with one command. The Hex Viewer allows you to display current file in Hex mode.Highlights URL and e-mail addresses in normal text files and lets you activate them with a single keystroke (F8) or 'Ctrl + double-click'.FTP (also sftp and FTPS) feature for uploading your local files to FTP server or for editing remote files directly.Browser window also has common browser commands so you can browse Internet web sites as well as local HTML files. Seamless web browser for previewing the content of your HTML document or Java applet without leaving the editor.Also, you can create your own syntax file to support other programming languages. EditPlus supports powerful and customizable syntax highlighting for HTML, CSS, PHP, ASP, Perl, C/C++, Java, JavaScript and VBScript by default. While it can serve as a good Notepad replacement, it also offers many powerful features for Web page authors and programmers. Fixes php auto completion error for 'else'.EditPlus is a text editor, HTML editor, PHP editor and Java editor for Windows. Fixes "Could not create K value" sftp error message on Win 8.1 machines. Fixes "Server refused to open a channel" error message on some sftp servers. ![]() Output Window now shows a close button. Fixes an issue where automatic update of matching tag didn't work on closing tags. Playback Recording now delays screen update until playback stops. Fixes an issue where screen update could be incorrect when selecting right-to-left text. Fixes a program crash when trying to re-open file from deleted FTP account. Fixes an issue with ctags feature where 'Go to Definition' could fail sometimes. Other features include Hex Viewer, HTML toolbar, user tools, line number, ruler, URL highlighting, auto completion, cliptext, column selection, powerful search and replace, multiple undo/redo, spell checker, customizable keyboard shortcuts, and more. Seamless Web browser for previewing HTML pages, and FTP (also sftp and FTPS) feature for uploading local files to FTP server. Also, it can be extended for other programming languages based on custom syntax files. Syntax highlighting for HTML, PHP, Java, C/C++, CSS, ASP, Perl, JavaScript, VBScript, Python and Ruby on Rails. EditPlus is a text editor for Windows with built-in FTP, FTPS and sftp capabilities. It's impossible to recover files after they've been deletedĪweEraser is a specialized file shredder software used to delete data securely and prevent another app from recovering it. Before files are deleted, a warning message appears (Press the Option key to bypass this warning).ģ5 Pass-Gutmann: overwrites your data 35 times.Deletes the files in your Trash folder.Removes files using the Gutmann Method.Permanent Eraser provides a variety of removal methods and can be used to schedule data-deletion tasks. Permanent Eraser is a free file shredder tool that can erase an entire hard drive's information at once. Prevents unauthorized removal (by password protection)Įrases application traces from Mac device Erases files automatically (if set up).BitRaser File EraserīitRaser File Eraser is a secure & permanent file shredder application for mac & windows operating systems that deletes confidential files, folders, volumes, saved login passwords, and other data stored on a laptop, desktop, or server, excluding the possibility of data recovery. This list of applications below has various features, capabilities, and data removal algorithms that ensure impossible data recovery through specialized software. The most effective algorithm, according to experts, is Peter Gutmann’s, which employs 35 rewriting cycles.Īfter that, the required files are deleted. Thus, by overwriting the information, you destroy its presence on your computer. Or gain access to the information that you wanted to destroy completely.įile shredder software overwrites and scrambles the original file name and then truncates the file size to nothing before eventually unlinking it from the system. ![]() So what exactly is the file shredder software for mac? Shredders are designed to securely remove a file and make sure that no one can restore it. Once you have chosen the right location and backdrop for your green screen, you will need to set up the lighting. Now that you know how to choose the right location for your green screen, let’s move on to the next step! 2. If you are recording a video, make sure the green screen is in a place where there is minimal background noise.If you are using a green screen in a location with bright sunlight, use a diffuser to help soften the light.Choose a location with plenty of natural light or set up studio lights.This will help to ensure that the background is properly removed from your image. Whether you choose a blue screen or a green screen, it is important to make sure that the backdrop is a different colour than your clothing. Most backdrops are green, but you can also find blue screens and black backdrops. When choosing a green screen background, it is important to consider the colour of the fabric.The backdrop should be at least six feet tall and ten feet wide.Here are some tips on how to choose the right location for your green screen: If you are recording a video, you will also need to make sure that the green screen is in a place where there is minimal background noise. You will need to make sure that the backdrop is large enough to fit your entire body and that there is plenty of lighting. When using a green screen, it is important to choose the right location. So you want to start using green screens for your videos? Here is a step-by-step guide on how to do just that! 1. How to use a Green Screen for Videos and Photos Once you have set up the green screen, you will need to take a photo or record a video with the background removed. This can be done by using a diffuser or by wearing clothing that does not reflect green light. When you use a green screen, you will need to place yourself in front of the screen and make sure that there is no green light reflecting off of your skin. The colour key is usually green because it is the most contrasting colour to human skin tone. Green screens work by using a colour key to remove the background from an image. Green screens are also commonly used in weather reports and music videos. For example, you can use a green screen effect to place yourself in front of the Eiffel Tower or inside the cockpit of a fighter jet. ![]() This type of backdrop is usually green in colour, hence the name, and it allows you to superimpose one image over another. ![]() In this blog post, we will discuss the basics of using a green screen and provide some helpful resources that will teach you how to use a green screen like a pro! What is a Green ScreenĪ green screen, or chroma key, is a type of backdrop that is used in video production. This simple technique can help you achieve amazing results with very little effort. Blog - Knowledge How to Use a Green Screen for Videos and Photos: Tips and Tricksĭo you want to create professional-looking videos and photos? If so, then you need to learn how to use a green screen. ![]() They usually update the website constantly. The website will show you the latest firmware updates for any model of Google smartphone including both models of the new Google Pixel and Pixel XL. Where I can find the latest version of firmware for Pixel and Pixel XL?Ī good website to see the latest version of firmware for the Pixel and Pixel XL is SamMobile. If a new firmware version is available, you’ll be able download and install the new firmware.Select on the listing and search for a new firmware by selecting the “Update now”.At the top of the screen you can see: Software Updates.From the the home screen, go to the Menu page.How to check for Android firmware updates: The following is a guide on how to search for a new Android firmware that works with the Google Pixel and Pixel XL.įor those interested in getting the most out of your device, then make sure to check out the Amazon Echo, Bose QuietComfort 35 Wireless Headphones and the Apple iPad Pro for the ultimate experience with your device. It’s recommended to manually search for the latest Android firmware for the Google Pixel and Pixel XL as, the “Automatic Update” takes some time to find the current updates for firmware required for the Pixel and Pixel XL. The good news is that firmware updates are released to solve any problems you could be dealing with.Ĭurrently new software updates are being developed to fix these problems, but for those wanting to know how to check for Android firmware updates on the Pixel and Pixel XL manually, we’ll explain below. Please contact us on how to receive a full report.How To Check Android Firmware Updates On Google Pixel And Pixel XLįor those that own the Google Pixel and Pixel XL, you could be noticing some bugs or other glitches. Full performance evaluations are available upon request. The following section gathers key elements of DXOMARK’s exhaustive tests and analyses. More details on smartphone camera scores are available here. For more information about the DXOMARK Camera protocol, click here. Photo, Zoom, and Video quality are scored separately and then combined into an Overall score for comparison among the cameras in different devices. Testing a smartphone involves a team of engineers and technicians for about a week. The scores rely on objective tests for which the results are calculated directly by measurement software on our laboratory setups, and on perceptual tests in which a sophisticated set of metrics allow a panel of image experts to compare aspects of image quality that require human judgment. Test summaryĪbout DXOMARK Camera tests: DXOMARK’s Camera evaluations take place in laboratories and in real-world situations using a wide variety of subjects. In the case of the Pixel 7, this was 4K resolution at 30 frames per second, with the HDR10+ option disabled. However, temporal noise was visible, especially in HDR and low-light scenes.ĭXOMARK tests video at the settings that provide the overall best quality. Detail was good, especially in bright light, and the stabilization did a good job of keeping things steady. The autofocus reacted swiftly and kept moving subjects in focus. In video clips, the Pixel 7 delivered good exposure and a wide dynamic range. Zoom performance was where the Pixel 7 lagged behind the Pixel 7 Pro, due to the lack of a dedicated tele lens and a narrower field of view on the ultra-wide camera. On the downside, some noise was noticeable in the shadow areas of the frame. The autofocus was fast and accurate, test images showed high levels of detail, and artifacts were well under control, with only some aliasing noticeable. Target exposure was accurate, with a wide dynamic range and nice contrast, making the Google device a great option for portrait photography. In still images, the Pixel 7 delivered nice skin tones and natural white balance in most test conditions. But as our results showed, that didn’t deter from the Pixel 7’s excellent camera experience. With both two models having the same primary camera and a nearly the same ultra-wide camera, the major difference in the setup is that the Pixel 7 is not equipped with a tele module like the Pixel 7 Pro. Slight ringing, flare and hue shift artifactsįor a device in our High-end segment, the impressive camera performance of the Google Pixel 7 rivaled that of the Ultra-Premium Google Pixel 7 Pro.Some highlight clipping under indoor lighting.Shadow noise in high-contrast scenes and low light, both in photo and video. ![]() The Amazon-owned supermarket's Palm Desert location will be open from 7 a.m. on Thanksgiving Day, including all specialty departments. to 4 p.m.īoth of the small grocery chain’s Coachella Valley locations will be open from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m., according to store associates, with most departments like meat and bakery closing around 7 p.m. This Hispanic grocer’s Indio location has among the best Thanksgiving Day hours in the Coachella Valley. Some departments, such as the kitchen, will close around 4 p.m., according to store associates, while others, such as meats, will close around 5 p.m. This specialty Latino supermarket is open from 7 a.m. and likely closing sometime around 5 p.m. ![]() Multiple associates at the La Quinta location said that store will “probably” be open on Thanksgiving day, opening at 7 a.m. Three of the discount grocer’s four Coachella Valley franchises will be closed on Thanksgiving Day. Aldi & Trader Joe’s - Closedĭespite their German ownership, both of these grocery chains will, as always, be closed for the second-most American holiday (If you can’t think of the first, you might end up getting haunted by the ghost of George Washington). Associates at the 74-0590 Highway 111 location in Palm Desert noted that some departments may close as early as noon. The main stores at the Coachella Valley’s four Albertsons’ locations will be open from 6 a.m. Central store areas will remain open until 10 p.m., although departments such as bakery, deli and meats will close at 4 p.m. Thanksgiving Day, although some such as the Palm Springs Smoketree Village location will open as early as 5 a.m. Most Ralphs stores across the valley will open at 6 a.m. 24 so you can grab that last-minute item and save the get-together.īack by popular demand, this is The Desert Sun’s Thanksgiving Day grocery store hours round up! We’ve toiled over a hot phone all day to provide you with the most comprehensive list around. Whatever the case, you need to know what’s open on Nov. Are you a serial procrastinator? An adrenaline junkie who loves the thrill of cutting your holiday shopping trips uncomfortably close? Or perhaps you’ve been laid low by your unreliable cousin who dropped the ball on a key dish for Thanksgiving dinner? There are both short-term and long-term declines in Specific Capacity over the normal life span of a well. Rehabilitation is performed to remove these blockages and restore the well’s Specific Capacity and improve the well’s efficiency. The Specific Capacity of the well can be tracked, along with other important measurements, using a series of Key Performance Indicators (KPI) that allow easy recognition of well performance trends through a series of time-series graphs.Ī decline in Specific Capacity occurs when the well’s screen, filter pack, or the formation adjacent to the well become plugged from physical processes (sand bridges, silt, and clay particles), chemical processes (mineral incrustations), or biological processes (biofouling). The rate of decline will vary from well to well, a good record tracking system will allow declines performance to be tracked so that an optimal schedule for well rehabilitation can be established. Note: T = Transmissivity ( gpd/ft) Q/s = Specific Capacity (gpm/ft)Ī new well will start to lose Specific Capacity as soon as it starts pumping. T = 1500 * Q/s (for an unconfined aquifer) The following equations can be used to estimate transmissivity per (Driscoll, 1986): The higher the transmissivity, the greater the capability of the aquifer to move water and the lower the drawdown in the well. It equals the aquifer’s hydraulic conductivity (K) times the aquifer thickness (b). Transmissivity is the rate water is transmitted through an aquifer under a unit width and a unit hydraulic gradient. The initial Specific Capacity value can also be used to estimate the transmissivity (T) of the aquifer. While this is considered an estimate and more accurate calculations can be developed with a field test, it is a useful approximation for understanding the pumping limits of the well. If the well has an available drawdown of 50 feet, the maximum pumping rate would be 5 times 50 feet, or 250 gpm. For example, with a well that has 40 feet of drawdown and is pumping 200 gpm has a Specific Capacity of 5. The maximum pumping rate is calculated as the Specific Capacity times the maximum available drawdown. The maximum pumping rate of a well can be estimated using the initial Specific Capacity. Rehabilitation work should be scheduled when a well’s Specific Capacity drops by 15% or more. Specific Capacity testing should be performed at least semi-annually and water levels (static and pumping) should be collected monthly to provide early detection of potential well problems. As time goes by, the Specific Capacity will decline as plugging of the well’s perforations or filter pack occurs or as static water levels change. The Specific Capacity obtained just after a well is drilled and properly developed is typically the highest value that will be produced and is the baseline for comparison for all future values. Ideally, to provide the best comparison of Specific Capacity measurements over time and a comparison to the original test results, the same continuous pumping time frame should be used for each subsequent test. Typically, a well should run continuously for at least 24 hours at a constant yield before recording the drawdown to allow drawdown to stabilize (Driscoll, 1986). If the well was pumping at 200 gpm, the Specific Capacity would be 200 gpm divided by 40 feet of drawdown to give a Specific Capacity of 5. In the figure at the left, the well has a drawdown of 40 feet. Note: SC = Specific Capacity (gpm/ft) Q = discharge (gpm) s = drawdown (ft) The following equation is used to calculate Specific Capacity: Specific Capacity can also be used to provide the design pumping rate or maximum yield for the well and to estimate the transmissivity of the surrounding formations penetrated by the well screens. The Specific Capacity of a well is the pumping rate (gpm) (Q) divided by the drawdown in feet (s). ![]() Because it usually requires very little effort to collect the data necessary for the calculation of Specific Capacity, it is an extremely useful measurement that can be used to identify declines in well performance, which allows for planning an optimal well rehabilitation schedule. |
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